Hess_2

- **Born on June 24, 1883 **
 * __An Outline of Hess’ Life__ **

 **-He originated from Steiermark, Austria **

- **His parents were: ** o **Father = //Vinzens Hess// ** o **Mother = //Serafine Edle Von Grossbauer-Waldstatt// **

- **1831 – 1901 ****__He attended the Gymnasium__ **   **-1901 - 1905 __He attended the University of Graz__ **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> o  **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> In June 1906 Hess acquired the //Ph.D. degree in physics// **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> **-** **Hess originally planned to do postdoctoral work in optics** <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">o **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">He made arrangements to study under //Professor Paul Drude in Berlin//. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">o **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">__Professor Paul Drude committed suicide a few weeks before Hess was to become his students__ **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">o //**<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Hess then went to the University of Vienna on the invitation of Professor Franz Exner **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> // <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">§ <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">//__Professor Franz Exner interested Hess in investigating radioactivity and atmospheric electricity__// <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif';"> - 1907-1908 Hess was an instructor at the mineralogical institute of the University of Vienna ** o **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">1910 He began teaching at the university **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">§ **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The same year he was appointed assistant at the new //Institute for Radium Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences// **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">he held that job until 1920 **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;"> **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-1911 He began the work that later made him a Nobel Prize winner **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">o **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">After reading about earlier experiments, Hess wondered if the source of ionization could be found in the sky **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">§ **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">//He decided the height of which the ground radiation would stop producing ionization and designed instruments that would not be damaged by temperatures and pressure// **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;"> **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-1919-1920 Hess served as an assistant professor at the University of Vienna **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">o **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">1920 he became an associate professor of //experimental physics at the University of Graz// **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">§ **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">__February 1921 he took a leave of absence to make his first trip to the United States!__ **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">He stayed in the U.S. for 2 years **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">During that time, Hess lectured at several American universities and served as a consultant to //the United States Bureau of Mines// **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;"> **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-On September 6, 1920 Hess married Maria Bertha Warner Breisky **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> // <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">o **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> She died on April 2, 1955. ** // <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;"> **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-On December 13, 1955 he married Elizabeth M. Hoencke **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> //<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">o **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">She had nursed his first wife through her final illness **//<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;"> **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;">-1923 Hess returned to the ****<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">University of Graz **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">o **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">1925 he was made a __full professor__ **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">o **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In 1929 he became the __dean__ **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">§ **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">//He stayed there until 1931// **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;">

o **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> With the support of the // Rockefeller Institute, the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and the Emergency Society for German Sciences//, Hess founded a station for the observation of __cosmic radiation__ on Hafelekar mountain near Innsbruck **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">o **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">For this discovery of __cosmic radiation__ //Hess was named co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1936// **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">§ **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">He shared the prize with //Professor Carl D. Anderson of the California Institute of Technology// **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> ** - 1937 He returned to the University of Graz as a professor of physics and director of the physics institute **o **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In March 1938, however, he was dismissed from his post, first because he had a __Jewish wife__ **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">§ **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">//So Hess immigrated with his wife to the United States// **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">__1944 He became an American citizen__ ** <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;"> **- Hess finally retired in 1958 **
 * - He then accepted a place as professor of experimental physics and head of the institute for radiation research at the University of Innsbruck **

**- It’s said that Hess was five feet nine inches tall ** <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;"> **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-He weighed 190 pounds **

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; mso-list: Ignore;"> **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-And he had blue eyes and white hair ** <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; mso-bidi-font-family: Narkisim;">

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